What differentiates preeclampsia from eclampsia?

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are related but distinct conditions that occur during pregnancy, and the defining feature that differentiates eclampsia from preeclampsia is the occurrence of seizures.

Preeclampsia is characterized primarily by high blood pressure and often proteinuria (the presence of protein in the urine). It can also present with other symptoms, including severe headaches and changes in vision, but the key distinction is that it does not involve seizures. When a pregnant individual with preeclampsia begins to experience seizures, the condition escalates to eclampsia.

Eclampsia represents a more severe progression of the disease and requires immediate medical attention due to the risk of significant complications for both the mother and the fetus. Therefore, the presence of seizures is the defining characteristic that marks the transition from preeclampsia to eclampsia.